What is Vascular and Interventional Radiology
Interventional radiology is a medical sub-specialty of radiology utilizing minimally-invasive image-guided procedures to diagnose and treat diseases in nearly every organ system. The concept behind interventional radiology is to diagnose and treat patients using the least invasive techniques currently available in order to minimize risk to the patient and improve health outcomes. These procedures have less risk, less pain and less recovery time in comparison to open surgery.
Interventional radiologists are medical doctors with additional six or seven years of specialized training after medical school. All of our faculty interventionalists have completed a one or two-year fellowship program after their diagnostic radiology residency. They are certified by the American Board of Radiology.
Therapeutic and Diagnostic Specialty
Interventional Radiology (IR) originated within diagnostic radiology as an invasive diagnostic subspecialty. IR is now a therapeutic and diagnostic specialty that comprises a wide range of minimally invasive image-guided therapeutic procedures as well as invasive diagnostic imaging. The range of diseases and organs amenable to image-guided therapeutic and diagnostic procedures are extensive and constantly evolving, and include, but are not limited to, diseases and elements of the vascular, gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, genitourinary, pulmonary, musculoskeletal, and, the central nervous system. As part of IR practice, IR physicians provide patient evaluation and management relevant to image-guided interventions in collaboration with other physicians or independently. IR procedures have become an integral part of medical care.
Many minimally invasive image-guided procedures performed by IR have supplanted major surgical procedures by either IR physicians educating other medical fields or IR physicians taking on a clinical role.
Milestones Pioneered by Interventional Radiologists
1964 | Angioplasty |
1966 | Embolization therapy to treat tumors and spinal cord vascular malformations by blocking the blood flow |
1967 | The Judkins technique of coronary angiography, the technique still most widely used around the world today |
1967 | Closure of the patent ductus arteriosis, a heart defect in newborns of a vascular opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta |
1967 | Selective vasoconstriction infusions for hemorrhage, now commonly used for bleeding ulcers, GI bleeding and arterial bleeding |
1969 | The catheter-delivered stenting technique and prototype stent |
1960-74 | Tools for interventions such as heparinized guidewires, contrast injector, disposable catheter needles and see-through film changer |
1970's | Percutaneous removal of common bile duct stones |
1970's | Occlusive coils |
1972 | Selective arterial embolization for GI bleeding, which was adapted to treat massive bleeding in other arteries in the body and to block blood supply to tumors |
1973 | Embolization for pelvic trauma |
1974 | Selective arterial thrombolysis for arterial occlusions, now used to treat blood clots, stroke, DVT, etc. |
1974 | Transhepatic embolization for variceal bleeding |
1977-78 | Embolization technique for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations and varicoceles |
1977-83 | Bland- and chemo-embolization for treatment of hepatocellular cancer and disseminated liver metastases |
1980 | Cryoablation to freeze liver tumors |
1980 | Development of special tools and devices for biliary manipulation |
1980's | Biliary stents to allow bile to flow from the liver saving patients from biliary bypass surgery |
1981 | Embolization technique for spleen trauma |
1982 | TIPS (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt) to improve blood flow in damaged livers from conditions such as cirrhosis and hepatitis CDilators for interventional urology, percutaneous removal of kidney stones |
1983 | The balloon-expandable stent (peripheral) used today |
1985 | Self-expandable stents |
1990 | Percutaneous extraction of gallbladder stones |
1990 | Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) technique for liver tumors |
1990's | Treatment of bone and kidney tumors by embolization |
1990's | RFA for soft tissue tumors, i.e., bone, breast, kidney, lung and liver cancer |
1991 | Abdominal aortic stent grafts |
1994 | The balloon-expandable coronary stent used today |
1997 | Intra-arterial delivery of tumor-killing viruses and gene therapy vectors to the liver |
1999 | Percutaneous delivery of pancreatic islet cells to the liver for transplantation to treat diabetes |
1999 | Developed the endovenous laser ablation procedure to treat varicose veins and venous disease |