
Lucas E. Nikkel, MD
Hip and Knee Orthopedic Surgery
Highlights
Johns Hopkins Affiliations:
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Faculty
About Lucas E. Nikkel
Primary Academic Title
Assistant Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
Background
Lucas Nikkel, M.D., is an orthopaedic surgeon specializing in hip and knee replacement. He has experience in treating people who have severe hip and knee arthritis, fractures and related conditions, as well as in performing a variety of joint replacement and reconstruction procedures. He is especially skilled in the minimally invasive anterior hip replacement approach.
Dr. Nikkel attended Dartmouth College, and obtained his medical degree from the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine. He completed a residency in orthopaedic surgery at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, and continued his training with a fellowship in adult reconstruction surgery at Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina. Before joining Johns Hopkins, he worked as an assistant professor of orthopaedic surgery at the Penn State College of Medicine for four years.
During his training, Dr. Nikkel gained experience as a team physician for several high school and college sports teams, including hockey, soccer and football. He has received multiple awards, including a Merck Award for Academic Excellence and the Young Investigator Award from the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Dr. Nikkel’s research interests include approaches to hip and knee replacement, hip fracture management and outcomes, and fracture risk assessments. He co-authored numerous research publications on these topics, and has received awards for presenting his findings at national conferences. Dr. Nikkel is a fellow of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.
Videos
Research Interests
Approaches to hip and knee replacement, Fracture risk assessments, Hip fracture management and outcomes
Selected Publications
Nikkel LE, Fox EJ, Black KP, Davis C, Andersen L, Hollenbeak CS. Impact of Comorbidities on Hospitalization Costs Following Hip Fracture. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012 Jan 4;94(1):9-17. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.J.01077.PMID: 22218377
Nikkel LE, Kates SL, Schreck M, Maceroli M, Mahmood B, Elfar JC. Length of Hospital Stay After Hip Fracture and Risk of Early Mortality After Discharge in New York State: Retrospective Cohort Study. BMJ. 2015 Dec 10;351:h6246. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h6246.
Nikkel LE, Tran L, Jennings JM, Hollenbeak CS. Cost-effectiveness of Pre-operative Spinal Imaging Before Total Hip Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2021 Sep 27:S0883-5403(21)00759-2. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2021.09.016. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34592356.
Kirchner GJ, Lieber AM, Kim RY, Kerbel YE, Moretti VM, Nikkel LE. Socioeconomic Status Is Associated With the Risk of Girdlestone Resection Arthroplasty After Periprosthetic Infection of the Hip. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2020 Aug 25. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-20-00686. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32852333.
Slick GS, Davis III CM, Elfar JC, Nikkel LE. Process Mapping Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Comparison of Instrument Designs. J Arthroplasty. 2020 Sep 23:S0883-5403(20)31046-9. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2020.09.035. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33139131.
Honors
- Merck Award for Academic Excellence, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 1/1/12
- Medical Student Oral Presentation Research Award, Penn State College of Medicine, 1/1/12
- Young Investigator Award, American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 1/1/11
- 1st Place Outstanding Clinical Science Oral Presentation, Eastern-Atlantic Student Research Forum, 1/1/11
- Class of 1975 Scholar, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 1/1/11
Lectures & Presentations
- An Orthopaedic Surgeon's Foray into Population Outcomes for the Dreaded Hip Fracture, Oral Presentation, The Division of Health Services and Behavioral Research (HSBR Seminar Series), Penn State College of Medicine, 2/18/20
- Biomarkers in Prosthetic Joint Infection Diagnosis, Oral Presentation, The Penn State Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation 2019 Musculoskeletal Research Symposium, 5/15/19
- Cost-Effectiveness of PRE-Operative Spinal Imaging for Suspected Stiff or Hypermobile SPINE before TOTAL HIP Arthroplasty, Poster Presentation, Virtual ISPOR 2021, 1/1/21
- OR Efficiency from an Instrumentation Standpoint, Oral Presentation, Park City Hip and Knee Grand Rounds., 4/20/21
- Patella Resurfacing in Total Knee Arthroplasty, Oral Presentation, Geisinger Orthopaedics Visiting Professor, Spring 2021 Adult Reconstruction Lecture, 2/24/21
Memberships
- American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons,
Candidate Member
- American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons,
Active Fellow
- Pennsylvania Orthopedic Society,
Member
Locations
- Johns Hopkins Health Care Center - Odenton
- 1106 Annapolis Road, Pavilion I, Suite 280, Odenton, MD 21113
- phone: 443-997-2663
- fax: 410-367-2071
- Charter Professional Center
- 10700 Charter Drive, Suite 205, Columbia, MD 21044
- phone: 443-997-2663
- fax: 443-546-1576
Expertise
Education
Duke University Hospital
Fellowship, Adult Reconstructive Orthopedic Surgery, 2018Strong Memorial Hospital of the University of Rochester
Residency, Orthopaedic Surgery, 2017Pennsylvania State College of Medicine
Medical Education, MD, 2012Board Certifications
Orthopaedic Surgery
American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery, 2020Insurance
- Aetna
- CareFirst
- Cigna
- First Health
- Geisinger Health Plan
- HealthSmart/Accel
- Humana
- Johns Hopkins Health Plans
- MultiPlan
- Pennsylvania's Preferred Health Networks (PPHN)
- Point Comfort Underwriters
- Private Healthcare Systems (PHCS)
- UnitedHealthcare
- Veteran Affairs Community Care Network (Optum-VACCN)
Ratings & Reviews
4.9 out of 5
425 ratings, 145 reviewsThe Patient Rating score is an average of all responses to physician related questions on the national CG-CAHPS Medical Practice patient experience survey through Press Ganey. Responses are measured on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the best score. Comments are also gathered from our CG-CAHPS Medical Practice Survey through Press Ganey and displayed in their entirety. Patients are de-identified for confidentiality and patient privacy.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 3/27/2025
Excellent
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 3/12/2025
Excellent
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 3/7/2025
Excellent Doctor
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 2/13/2025
Great visit
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 2/13/2025
Dr Nikkel fully explained the status of my left knee and what the treatment options are. I'm very pleased with his care.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 2/13/2025
Fantastic. Very knowledgeable, listened well, gave me a good plan to try to heal.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 2/13/2025
Dr Nikkel communicated all details related to my upcoming surgery & kindly addressed my questions.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 2/12/2025
Dr Nikkel evaluated my condition, ordered X-rays and blood work and assessed the condition of both my knees. He provided a recommendation on a clear path forward for treatment and mitigating my condition. Dr Nikkel explained the technical details to me about the condition and the planned corrective actions needed along with discussion of schedule and recovery,
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 2/12/2025
Dr Nikkel is very attentive to patient needs, answers all questions, and encouraging.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 2/12/2025
Very polite , professional and caring about his patience.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 2/12/2025
He's an amazing surgeon with great beside manners.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 2/12/2025
He was an excellent surgeon and he listened to my followup concerns, plus new issues that have cropped up since then.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 2/7/2025
I liked Dr. Nikkel very much.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 2/7/2025
Very professional and kind with his clinical expertise.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 2/6/2025
Felt very comfortable talking to him about my issue and he gave me appropriate answers
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 1/31/2025
I think Dr Nikkel is a very good doctor. I trust his skills and judgment.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 1/31/2025
Dr Nikkel is a great physician who genuinely cares about his patients best interest.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 1/30/2025
Dr. Nikkel is an excellent doctor and surgeon.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 1/24/2025
Excellent service
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 1/23/2025
Dr. Nikkel is a skilled, caring provider. I saw him once when he was at Penn State Hershey, and I made the decision after that visit, that I would seek future care from Dr. Nikkel, wherever he was practicing at that point. I have the very highest respect for him, his surgical experience and knowledge, and am totally confident in his diagnoses and approach.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 1/17/2025
Very personable
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 1/17/2025
Dr Nikkel took time to answer all my questions and concerns regarding my upcoming surgery. After speaking with him, I feel that I have chosen the best possible surgeon for my knee surgery.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 1/17/2025
Great doctor
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 1/17/2025
Dr Nikkel was prompt in meeting with me. He explained my status and reviewed my progress. He made suggestions regarding what my focus should be during my continuing recovery process. I appreciate him and offer a BIG THANK YOU.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 1/16/2025
Excellent surgeon.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 1/16/2025
Very easy-going made you feel comfortable
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 1/9/2025
Informative about followup and gave recommendations for what I could do help strengthen/ improve my balance. Gave detailed instructions on what to do when I have a flare up right knee pain
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 1/7/2025
Outstanding
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 1/3/2025
Dr Nikkel is very kind and knowledgeable. He is great in listening and explaining things .
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 1/2/2025
Dr. Nikkel is easy to talk to and I am looking forward to my upcoming surgery.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 1/2/2025
Very friendly. Gave complete information about operation and care.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 12/27/2024
Overall great experience. Dr.Nikkel explained in great detail and made me feel confident about his expertise. Def. Made an excellent impression based on his knowledge, empathy and overall demeanor. One of the best Dr. visits I had.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 12/27/2024
We trust Dr. Nikkel with my moms knee revision and follow up care. We would recommend him to family/friends if needed.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 12/27/2024
Excellent
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 12/27/2024
The doctor was easy to talk to and was very clear and comprehensive in his discussion.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 12/27/2024
Knowledgeable about the care provided.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 12/20/2024
Dr. Nikkel listens to my questions and answers them clearly. He also responds promptly to my questions via the portal. I'm very happy with him as my doctor.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 12/19/2024
Dr Nikkel is a excellent surgeon very patient and caring explain everything that's gonna take place for your knee replacement
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 12/17/2024
Very thorough and knows
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 12/17/2024
Excellent
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 12/13/2024
He is great
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 12/13/2024
Excellent!
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 12/11/2024
Dr Nikkel immediately put me at ease and explained everything I needed to know. He's wonderful!
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 12/6/2024
Excellent provider
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 12/6/2024
My visit with Dr. Nikkel was to review my knee replacement surgery from 1-year ago. X-rays were taken and everything was on track.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 12/6/2024
Dr. Nikkel is my favorite doctor.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 12/6/2024
Excellent manners
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 12/5/2024
Dr. Nikkel has great communication skills
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 12/5/2024
Dr Nikkel is the best! He took away my pain and gave me a new lease on life! I love that man
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 12/3/2024
Professional, compassionate, expert care
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 11/27/2024
My experience with Dr. Nikkel was very good. He is a good listener and explains things by given examples to help me better understand.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 11/22/2024
Excellent in every way
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 11/21/2024
He was a Easy person to talk too
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 11/21/2024
Very professional
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 11/15/2024
I live in south central PA, but now use Hopkins exclusively for my orthopedic needs.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 11/15/2024
Very attentive- excellent person - good listener- explain well step to follow to recuperate from surgery
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 11/15/2024
Dr.Nikkel made me feel at ease and did not hurry through examination and discussion regarding my knee and the X-ray results.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 11/14/2024
One of the best that I have encountered for my condition.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 11/13/2024
Dr. Nikkel is perfection
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 11/8/2024
Dr. Nikkel is great!
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 11/8/2024
Excellent doctor
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 11/8/2024
Excelled
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 11/7/2024
Ideal
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 11/7/2024
Excellent surgeon and physician. Would highly recommend him
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 11/1/2024
Very thoughtful and awarw
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 11/1/2024
Excellent. He did my left knee a year ago, and now for the right knee.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 10/29/2024
Dr. Nikkel is great. Very professional and explained everything to me. He made me feel comfortable and is a Doctor I would recommend to everyone.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 10/25/2024
Dr. Nikkels was thorough and ensured I understood my condition and treatment options. I appreciated his care and candor.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 10/18/2024
Dr. Nikkel genuinely cares about his patients. He takes time to listen and explains things in a manner that are easy to understand. He has a pleasant personality and is courteous.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 10/18/2024
Great
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 10/15/2024
Excellent service appreciated
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 10/11/2024
Very professional, very polite. Can you listen to what I have to say? Completely, and then acted on it appropriately.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 10/10/2024
Dr. Nikkel gave me a cortisone shot and it was not too painful
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 10/9/2024
Dr Nikkel is very personable. This was my first time speaking with him and he showed so much interest in my condition. I was very appreciative of his care, his suggestions, and the plan that he laid out for me.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 10/9/2024
Concerned I felt comfortable taking to Dr. Nikkel about my pain.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 10/4/2024
Dr.Nikkel listened to my questions and concerns and took the time to explain my situation in layman terms. And he discussed a doable treatment plan.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 10/4/2024
Great
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 9/27/2024
Dr Nikkel was extremely helpful. He took the time to email me prior to the visit and took the time to explain the surgery process. He was very present with me and very helpful.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 9/27/2024
Very confident in his decisions
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 9/20/2024
He addressed all of my concerns and answered my questions fully. He is a great Doctor.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 9/17/2024
Dr. Nikkel has excellent "bedside manners" and patience.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 9/13/2024
Dr Nikkel is both personable and very knowledgeable
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 9/13/2024
Smart, thorough and compassionate
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 9/12/2024
Dr. Nikkels, is kind, thoughtful, and listens very well. He is also up with the times and info about the field he is in and the people around him.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 9/12/2024
Good listener
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 9/11/2024
I trust Dr. Nikkel's knowledge to go forward in helping me and correcting the pain I'm feeling when walking, the pain originally in the thigh but lately (though not often) it's from the hip to my knee.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 9/11/2024
Very knowledgeable and kind with his practice.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 9/11/2024
Dr. NIkkel is one of the best dr. I have work with. He is on top of everything and very helpful. Follow thru on what he says he going to do. No problem I know he will do it. He already has set a problem to help in the works.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 9/5/2024
Clear recommendations regarding future treatment. Showed me picture of X-ray in explaining treatment plan
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 9/5/2024
Dr. Nikkel is friendly and makes me feel comfortable. He thoroughly explained my x-ray results and what my options are going forward.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 9/5/2024
Knowledgable and helpful
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 9/3/2024
First time with doctor Nikkel. Very refreshing and down to earth. He definitely is a five star ortho physician.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 8/30/2024
Very knowledgeable,listened,provided treatment
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 8/30/2024
Great Doctor.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 8/29/2024
Dr NIKKEL over the years I have seen him has always been very good.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 8/23/2024
Professional
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 8/22/2024
Great rizz, good creds, great references, great visit
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 8/22/2024
The doctor was incredibly patient with us and very helpful.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 8/22/2024
He is the best!
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 8/20/2024
Provider listened to my concerns and gave feedback.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 8/16/2024
Dr Nikkel is a kind and caring doctor. He gives you the time needed to share concerns and to ask questions.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 8/14/2024
He is a gentleman- explain everything and he was sure to ask me if I have any questions or worries
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 8/9/2024
Great doctor.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 8/9/2024
Dr. was easy to talk to and tried to make relaxed during the treatment
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 8/9/2024
Dr.Nikkel is very good at what he does.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 8/9/2024
I had his full attention and he fully listened to anf answered my questions. He was on time and i didn't feel rushed.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 8/8/2024
Dr. Nikkel is an exceptional surgeon. He's very knowledgeable, caring, curious, asks the right questions to get the right treatment. More importantly, he's a very skilled surgeon. I was in chronic immense pain and after surgery I felt like I had a new lease of life. I was amazed how great I felt then and I'm still doing very well after 3 months. Getting stronger every day & back to normal.
- 4 out of 5 starsReviewed on 8/8/2024
Very knowledgeable and competent. He was able to explain the process efficiently and provided clarity regarding the surgery
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 7/26/2024
Very pleasant!Engaging !
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 7/25/2024
THE BEST
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 7/25/2024
Appreciate the attention and conversation
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 7/18/2024
Dr. Lucas Nikkel is an excellent surgeon. He gave me my mobility back, listened to my questions, and was very forthright.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 7/18/2024
Dr. Nikkel is outstanding - I feel fortunate to have him as my physician.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 7/12/2024
Dr. Nikkel genuinely cares about the welfare of his patients and listens carefully. He has a great personality which makes it easy to talk with him.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 7/12/2024
Dr Nikkel is great..explains things well and doesn't rush.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 7/12/2024
Excellent
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 7/11/2024
He is so kind and gentle. I really didn't want a cortisone shot in my. But, I really needed it. I can walk without a cane and lifty left knee to get dressed.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 6/28/2024
Wonderful, caring, and excellent doctor.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 6/28/2024
Very good
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 6/28/2024
Excellent
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 6/27/2024
Dr. Nikkel was thorough, patient, informative, and very professional.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 6/21/2024
He was knowledgeable about my condition and listened to my concerns
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 6/20/2024
Excellent
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 6/20/2024
Excellent Doctor!!
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 6/20/2024
Absolutely the best provider I have seen. Ever!
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 6/18/2024
Dr. Nikkel is very professional, courteous and inspires confidence in his ability to perform total knee replacement surgery. He provides clear information regarding the surgery process and post surgery expectations and challenges.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 6/18/2024
The best! Excellent care, follows up and will answer any concerns.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 6/14/2024
Very personable. Explained everything in detail giving non-surgical as well as surgical options. First physician to refer me to the additional specialist I should have seen long ago. Took his time and made me feel very comfortable.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 6/13/2024
He took the time to review my x-rays and explain my condition and to plan my care.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 6/12/2024
He listened to my concerns and was very knowledgeable.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 6/6/2024
Gives me personal care
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 5/31/2024
Dr Nikkel is practical and open in discussing pain and procedures. I highly recommend him.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 5/24/2024
Very competent caring doctor.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 5/24/2024
Very friendly, sympathetic and professional.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 5/24/2024
Professional
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 5/24/2024
I am absolutely pleased with Dr. Nikkels' surgery he performed on me on April 17th. He's WONDERFUL !!!
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 5/23/2024
I would recommend family and friends to John's Hopkins
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 5/21/2024
Gave concise & easy to understand explanation of my problem.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 5/21/2024
He is a wonderful caring doctor. Very compassionate w/ a good sense of humor. Only to ever call my primary as he was concerned about me. I've recommended him to several friends.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 5/8/2024
This was my first appointment. Dr. Nikkel was professional, attentive & knowledgeable.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 5/3/2024
Excellent- explain with details- ask about my concerns-very patient-
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 4/26/2024
Dr Nikkel is great. I've had two hip replacement surgeries in the last year and I trust Dr Nikkel implicitly.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 4/25/2024
Dr. Nikkel is the poster child for the perfect doctor and surgeon. There may be a few others as good but there is ZNONE better!
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 4/25/2024
Not only does Dr Nikkel know and do his service exceptionally well, he explains what is being done and interacts to ensure the patient's understanding.
- 5 out of 5 starsReviewed on 4/25/2024
Dr. Nikkel was very informative with explaining the entire procedure. Being honest with the pros and cons about the surgery. After talking to the doctor. I feel much better going into the surgery and with the outcome.