Charles Williams Flexner, MD

Professional Titles

• Director, AIDS Clinical Trials Unit; Chief Scientific Officer, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research
• Interim Director, Division of Clinical Pharmacology

Primary Academic Title

Professor of Medicine

Background

Centers and Institutes

Clinical and Translational Research, Institute for

Clinical Trial Keywords

Phase 4; Phase 3; Phase 2; Phase 1; Pharmacokinetics

Clinical Trials Summary

Flexner C, Tierney C, Gross R, Andrade A, Lalama C, Eshleman SH, Aberg J, Sanne I, Parsons T, Kashuba A, Rosenkranz SL, Kmack A, Ferguson E, Dehlinger M, Mildvan D, AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5073 Study Team. Comparison of once-daily versus twice-daily combination antiretroviral therapy in treatment-naïve patients: results of AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5073, a 48-week randomized controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50:1041–1052. [PMCID #2833234; NIHMS #168892]

Wilkin TJ, Su Z, Krambrink A, Long J, Greaves WL, Gross R, Hughes MD, Flexner C, Skolnik PR, Coakley E, Godfrey C, Hirsch M, Kuritzkes DR, Gulick RM, AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5211 Study Team. Three-year safety and efficacy of vicriviroc, a CCR5 antagonist, in HIV-1-infected, treatment-experienced patients. J Acq Immunodef Syndr 2010; 54:470–476.

Crawford KW, Spritzler J, Kalayjian R, Parsons T, Landay A, Pollard R, Stoker V, Lederman M, Flexner C. Age-related changes in the plasma concentrations of the HIV protease inhibitor lopinavir. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2010; 26: 635-643.

Soon GH, Shen P, Yong E-L, Flexner C, Pham P, Lee LS. Pharmacokinetics of darunavir 900 mg and ritonavir 100 mg once daily when co-administered with efavirenz 600 mg once daily in healthy volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54: 2775-2780.

Chen J, Garner RC, Lee LS, Seymour M, Fuchs EJ, Hubbard W, Parsons T, Pakes GE, Fletcher CV, Flexner C. Accelerator mass spectrometry measurement of intracellular concentrations of active drug metabolites in human target cells in vivo. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010; 88: 796-800.

 Wang L-Z, Lee L, Thuya W-L, Soon GH, Kong L-R, Nye P-L, Jon-Deoon E-L, Flexner C, Goh B-C. Simultaneous determination of raltegravir and raltegravir glucuronide in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrometry 2011; 46: 202-208.

Wang L, Soon GH, Seng K-Y, Li J, Lee E, Yong E-L, Goh B-C, Flexner C, Lee L. Pharmacokinetic modeling of plasma and intracellular concentrations of raltegravir in healthy volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55: 4090-4095.

Dooley KE, Park J-G, Swindells S, Allen R, Haas DW, Cramer Y, Aweeka F, Wiggins I, Gupta A, Lizak P, Qasba S, van Heeswijk R, Flexner C, and the ACTG 5267 Study Team. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic interactions of the antituberculous agent TMC207 (bedaquiline) with efavirenz in healthy volunteers: AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5267. J Acq Immunodef Syndr 2012; 59:455-462.

Chen J, Flexner C, Liberman RG, Skipper PL, Louissaint N, Tannenbaum SR, Hendrix CW, Fuchs EJ. Biphasic elimination of tenofovir diphosphate and nonlinear pharmacokinetics of zidovudine triphosphate in a microdosing study. J Acq Immunodef Syndr 2012; 61: 593-599.

Lee LS, Pham P, Flexner C. Unexpected drug-drug interactions in HIV therapy: induction of UGT1A1 and bile efflux transporters by efavirenz. Annals Acad Med (Singapore) 2012; 41: 559-562.

Dooley KE, Sayre P, Borland, J, Purdy E, Chen S, Song I, Peppercorn A, Everts S, Piscitelli S, Flexner C. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of the HIV integrase inhibitor dolutegravir given twice daily with rifampin or once daily with rifabutin: results of a phase 1 study among healthy subjects. J Acq Immune Defic Syndr 2013; 62: 21-27. [October 15, 2012 Epub ahead of print]

Williams J, Sayles HR, Meza JL, Sayre P, Sandkovsky U, Gendelman HE, Flexner C, Swindells S. Long-acting parenteral nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy: interest and attitudes of HIV-infected patients. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2013; 8: 1807-1813. [April 23, 2013 Epub ahead of print]

Andrade A, Rosenkranz SL, Cillo A, Lu D, Daar E, Jacobson JM, Lederman M, Acosta E, Read S, Campbell T, Feinberg J, Flexner C, Mellors JW, Kuritzkes DR, AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5248 Team. Three distinct phases of HIV-1 RNA decay in treatment-naïve patients receiving raltegravir-based antiretroviral therapy: ACTG A5248 study. J Infect Dis 2013; 208:884-891.

Additional Academic Titles

Professor of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences

Contact for Research Inquiries

Osler 575
,

Phone: (410) 955-9712

Research Interests

Antiviral chemotherapy, Basic and clinical pharmacology of antiretroviral drugs, Clinical Pharmacology, HIV protease inhibitors and entry inhibitors

Lab Website

Charles W. Flexner Laboratory

• Laboratory activities include the use of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) techniques to measure intracellular drugs and drugs metabolites. AMS is a highly sensitive method for detecting tracer amounts of radio-labeled molecules in cells, tissues, and body fluids. We have been able to measure intracellular zidovudine triphosphate (the active anabolite of zidovudine) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers given small doses of 14C-zidovudine, and have directly compared the sensitivity of AMS to traditional LC/MS methods carried out in our laboratory.

Research Summary

Clinical research activities investigate the clinical pharmacology of new anti-HIV therapies and drug combinations. Specific drug classes studied include HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, entry inhibitors (selective CCR5 and CXCR4 antagonists), and integrase inhibitors. Scientific objectives of clinical studies include characterization of early drug activity, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics. Additional objectives are characterization of pathways of drug metabolism, and identification of clinically significant harmful and beneficial drug interactions mediated by hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P450 isoforms.

PubMed

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Flexner%20C%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=19479085

Selected Publications

• 1. Finzi D, Blankson J, Siliciano JD, Margolick JB, Chadwick K, Pierson T, Smith K, Lisziewicz J, Lori F, Flexner C, Quinn TC, Chaisson RE, Rosenberg E, Walker B, Gange S, Gallant J, Siliciano RF. 1999. Latentinfection of CD4+ T cells provides a mechanism for lifelong persistence of HIV-1, even in patients on effective combination therapy. Nature Med 5:512-517.
  2. Hendrix CW, Flexner C, MacFarland RT, Fuchs EJ, Redpath E, Bridger G, Henson GW. 2000. Pharmacokinetics and safety of AMD-3100, a novel antagonist of the CXCR-4 chemokine receptor, in human volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44: 1667-1673.
  3. Speck RS, Flexner C, Tian C-J, Yu X-F. 2000. Comparison of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Pr55Gag and Pr160Gag-Pol processing intermediates that accumulate in primary and transformed cells treated with peptidic and non-peptidic protease inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44: 1397-1403.
  4. Speck RR, Yu X-F, Hildreth, JE, Flexner C. 2002. Differential effects of P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance protein-1 on productive HIV infection. J Infect Dis 186: 332-340.
  5. Nettles RE, Kieffer TL, Parsons T, Johnson J, Cofrancesco J, Gallant JE, , Carson K, Siliciano RF, Flexner C. Marked intraindividual variability in antiretroviral concentrations may limit the utility of therapeutic drug monitoring. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42: 1189-1196.
  6. Flexner C. HIV drug development: the next 25 years. (Invited review). Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2007; 6: 959-966.
  7. Crawford KW, Li C, Keung A, Su Z, Hughes MD, Greaves W, Kuritzkes D, Gulick R, Flexner C, for the ACTG A5211 Study Team. Pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic modeling of the antiretroviral activity of the CCR5 antagonist vicriviroc in treatment-experienced HIV-infected patients. J Acq Immunodef Syndr 2010; 53: 598–605.
  8. Crawford KW, Spritzler J, Kalayjian R, Parsons T, Landay A, Pollard R, Stoker V, Lederman M, Flexner C. Age-related changes in the plasma concentrations of the HIV protease inhibitor lopinavir. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2010; 26: 635-643.
  9. Flexner C, Tierney C, Gross R, Andrade A, Lalama C, Eshleman SH, Aberg J, Sanne I, Parsons T, Kashuba A, Rosenkranz SL, Kmack A, Ferguson E, Dehlinger M, Mildvan D, AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5073 Study Team. Comparison of once-daily versus twice-daily combination antiretroviral therapy in treatment-naïve patients: results of AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5073, a 48-week randomized controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50:1041–1052. [PMCID #2833234]
  10. Chen J, Garner RC, Lee LS, Seymour M, Fuchs EJ, Hubbard W, Parsons T, Pakes GE, Fletcher CV, Flexner C. Accelerator mass spectrometry measurement of intracellular concentrations of active drug metabolites in human target cells in vivo. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010; 88: 796-800.
  11. Swindells S, Flexner C, Fletcher CV, Jacobson JM. The critical need for alternative antiretroviral formulations and obstacles to their development. J Infect Dis 2011; 204: 669-674.
  12. Wang L, Soon GH, Seng K-Y, Li J, Lee E, Yong E-L, Goh B-C, Flexner C, Lee L. Pharmacokinetic modeling of plasma and intracellular concentrations of raltegravir in healthy volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55: 4090-4095.
  13. Crawford KW, Ripin DHB, Levin AD, Campbell JR, Flexner C. Optimizing the manufacturing, formulation, and dosage of antiretroviral drugs for more cost-efficient delivery in resource-limited settings: a consensus statement. Lancet Infect Dis 2012; 12: 550–60.
  14. Chen J, Flexner C, Liberman RG, Skipper PL, Louissaint N, Tannenbaum SR, Hendrix CW, Fuchs EJ. Biphasic elimination of tenofovir diphosphate and nonlinear pharmacokinetics of zidovudine triphosphate in a microdosing study. J Acq Immunodef Syndr 2012; 61: 593-599.
  15. Williams J, Sayles HR, Meza JL, Sayre P, Sandkovsky U, Gendelman HE, Flexner C, Swindells S. Long-acting parenteral nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy: interest and attitudes of HIV-infected patients. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2013; 8: 1807-1813.

Honors

• Honorary Fellow Award presented annually to a single individual in recognition of career achievement in the field of clinical pharmacology, American College of Clinical Pharmacology, San Diego, 9/1/12
• Visiting Professor, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia, 1/1/12
• Visiting Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases, Universita degli Studi, Turin, Italy, 1/1/08
• Joseph E. Murray Lecturer, American Association of Plastic Surgeons, 1/1/06
• Leadership Development Program, Johns Hopkins Medicine, 1/1/03
• Kimsey Visiting Professor of Microbiology, University of Louisville College of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 1/1/00
• Samuel S. Riven Visiting Professor of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 1/1/99
• Professor's Award for Distinction in Teaching in the Pre-Clinical Divisions, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1/1/99
• Pfizer Visiting Professor of Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 1/1/95
• Leon I. Goldberg Young Investigator Award, American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1/1/94
• Faculty Career Development Award in Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Foundation, 7/1/90
• Clinical Investigator Award, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, 7/1/90
• Warfield Longcope Prize for Outstanding Performance in Clinical Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1/1/82
• Alpha Omega Alpha, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1/1/82
• Denison Research Scholar, Johns Hopkins University, 1/1/80
• Phi Beta Kappa, Stanford University, 1/1/78
• Graduation with Distinction and Departmental Honors, Stanford University, 1/1/78
• Student Research Award, American Federation for Clinical Research, 1/1/76

Lectures & Presentations

• "Antimicrobial Drug Interactions, Meet-the-Experts, 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Toronto, Ontario, 9/1/00
• "Assessing Pharmacologic Risk and Benefit, International AIDS Society State-of-the-Art Symposium, Rome, Italy, 9/1/99
• "Causality, Inference, and Pharmacokinetics as a Biomarker, American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Annual Meeting Symposium on Method Effectiveness versus Use Effectiveness, Miami, FL, 3/1/04
• "Do Unsafe Drugs Enter and Remain in the Marketplace?, American College of Toxicology Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, 11/1/99
• "Drug Transporters and HIV Pathogenesis, Eighth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections Symposium on Drug Transporters (Session Chair), Chicago, IL, 2/1/01
• "FDA Financial Disclosure: A Medical Perspective, Drug Information Association Symposium on Conflict of Interest, Washington, DC, 6/1/99
• "Genetic Causes, Genetic Solutions, and the Future of Pharmacology, FDA College Course on Pharmacogenetics: A Tool for Drug Development and Individualization of Disease Management, Rockville, MD, 4/1/02
• "HAART Metabolism and Pharmacogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Symposium on Alcohol Use and HIV Pharmacotherapy, Bethesda, MD, 4/1/00
• "Novel Drug Delivery and HIV: Hope or Hype?, Session Chair, National Institutes of Health Roundtable on HIV Therapeutics: Drug Delivery Devices and Formulations, Gaithersburg, MD, 4/1/99
• "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, and Biomarkers for AIDS, American Association for Clinical Chemistry Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD, 2/1/03
• "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Pharmacogenomics and Biomarkers for AIDS, American Association for Clinical Chemistry Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD, 2/1/03
• "Why HIV-Infected Patients Fail Therapy, Kimsey Lectureship, University of Louisville College of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 10/1/00
• Plenary "Evidence-Based Pharmacology, Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, 6/1/01
• Plenary "Genetic Causes, and the Future of Pharmacotherapy, Society of Toxicologic Pathology, Savannah, GA, 6/1/03
• Symposium address entitled "The Pharmacology of Aging: Implications for HIV Therapy, 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Boston, MA, 2/1/08
• A Tale of Two Viruses: Pharmacology's Role in the Management of Hepatitis Virus Infections, Plenary Speaker, Twelfth International Workshop on the Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy, Miami, FL, 4/1/11
• Antiretroviral Drug Interactions, 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Symposium on Managing the Toxicity of HIV Therapy, San Diego, CA, 9/1/98
• Antiretroviral Drug Interactions: The Tar Pit or the Tar Baby?, Infectious Diseases Society of America Annual Meeting Symposium, San Francisco, CA, 9/1/97
• Basic and Clinical Pharmacology of New Antiretroviral Drugs, American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics/American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Joint Symposium on Molecular Therapeutics of HIV, San Diego, CA, 3/1/97
• Coformulation, Compaction, and Simplification: How Much Difference Does It Really Make?, Clinical Pharmacology Update on Antiretrovirals for HIV Treatment and Prevention, ICAAC 2014, Washington, DC, 9/1/14
• Concentration-Controlled Trial Methodology in the Development of an Antiretroviral Nucleoside, 33rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Symposium on the Pharmacology of Antiretroviral Chemotherapy, New Orleans, Louisiana, 10/1/93
• Current Concepts in Developing Drugs for HIV and Other Viral Diseases, Meet the Professors Session, American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, 4/1/03
• Frontiers in AIDS Drug Development, Associates of Clinical Pharmacology Symposium Address, San Diego, CA, 4/1/91
• HIV Pharmacology and Product Development, Plenary Speaker, NIAID conference, Nano- and Emerging Technologies for HIV/AIDS, American Society for Nanomedicine and Division of AIDS, Potomac, MD, 10/1/10
• Horizon Scanning: The Future of Antiretrovirals, Plenary Speaker, Second Italian Conference on AIDS and Retroviruses, Brescia, Italy, 6/1/10
• Integrating Adherence Genotype Phenotype and TDM, International Congress of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Symposium on Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Antiretrovirals (Session Chair), Washington, DC, 9/1/01
• Lecture entitled "Genes, the Environment, and Drugs: A Pharmacogenetics Primer, Presentation, NIH NIAID Office of Scientific Resource Development Course, Rockville, MD, 4/1/05
• Pharmacologic Causes of Treatment Failure, Plenary Session on Antiretroviral Therapy, Fifth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Chicago, IL, 2/1/98
• Pharmacologic Monitoring of Complex Patient Scenarios, Session Chair and Panelist, Workshop, 11th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, San Francisco, CA, 2/1/04
• Plasma Protein Binding and Pharmacodynamics of Protease Inhibitors, Symposium on Basic and Clinical Pharmacology of Protease Inhibitors (Symposium Chair), Fourth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Washington, DC, 1/1/97
• Potential for Drug-Drug Interactions in the Treatment of Hepatitis B and C, First International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of Hepatitis Therapy, Quebec, Canada, 4/1/05
• Potential Use of Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Vectors as Vaccines, Horizons in Biotechnology, American Society of Microbiology, Sacramento, California, 10/1/86
• Protein Binding: What Is the Clinical Relevance? International Society for Antiviral Research Annual Meeting, International Society for Antiviral Research Plenary Address, Urabandai, Japan, 5/1/96
• Role of Clinical Pharmacology in the Early Development of Antiretroviral Drugs, Goldberg Young Investigator Award Lecture, American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Annual Meeting,, New Orleans, Louisiana, 3/1/94
• Role of Drug Interactions in the Management of Hepatitis Infections, Plenary Speaker, Sixth International Workshop on HIV and Hepatitis, Tel Aviv, Israel, 5/1/10
• Strategies for the Delivery of Cloned Vaccine Antigens, Edna McConnell Clark Foundation Lecture, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 4/1/91
• The Inviolable Social Contract: Education and the Academic Medical Center, American Association of Plastic Surgeons, Hilton Head, SC, 5/1/06
• The New Biology of Drug Transporters and Drug Metabolizing Enzymes: Implications for Clinical Practice, International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment, Paris, France, 7/1/03
• The Role of Protein Binding and Stereochemistry in Drug-Drug Interactions, Plenary Speaker, 14th International Workshop on the Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy, Amsterdam, NL, 4/1/13
• Training the Clinical Investigator, Biomedicine '97 Symposium on Clinical Research, American Federation for Medical Research, Washington, DC, 4/1/97
• Use of Quality-of-Life Data in the Drug Approval Process, International Society for Quality of Life Research Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD, 11/1/99
• Vaccinia Virus as a Carrier for Vaccine Antigens, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Symposium on Vaccine Development, New Orleans, Louisiana, 10/1/90
• Vaccinia Virus as a Vehicle in the Development of Multiple Vaccines, Research Lecture, Canadian Society of Clinical Investigation / Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons Annual Meeting, Canadian Infectious Diseases Society, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 9/1/87
• Why Adherence Can Be a Matter of Life and Death: Adherence, Convenience and Dosing Frequency as Determinants of Outcome in Antiretroviral Therapy, Keynote Speaker, Drug Information Association Symposium on Improving Drug Development Using Patient Adherence Data in Clinical Trials, Washington, DC, 5/1/08

Graduate Program Affiliations

• Graduate Training Program in Clinical Investigation

Memberships

• American College of Physicians, Council of Medical Specialties, ASCPT Representative 1997-99
• American Federation for Medical Research Foundation, Secretary-Treasurer, 1999-2000; President, 2001-2002.
• American Federation for Medical ResearchPresident, 2000-2001., Medical School Representative 1995-1998. President, Eastern Section, 1998-2000. National Council, 1998‚Äì2002. President-Elect, 1999-2000.
• American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Board of Directors, 1995-98, 2000-2003; Long Range Planning Committee, 1995-2001; Membership Committee, 1994-97; Scientific Program Committee, 1995-96; Education Committee, 1997-2000; Government Affairs Committee, 1998-2001 and 2005-2009; Vice-President, 2001-2002.
• American Society for Microbiology=
• Association for Clinical and Translational Science, Patient-Oriented Research Standing Committee Core Member 2012-present; Education and Evaluation Committee Member 2012-present
• Association for Clinical Research Training, Advocacy/Public Policy Committee, 2005-present
• Association for Patient-Oriented Research, Board of Directors, 2005-2008
• Association of Subspecialty Professors, Councilor At-Large, 2006-2009
• International AIDS Society, International Scientific Review Committee 1999-present, Program Committee 2002-3.
• International Antiviral Society, USA. Hepatitis Program Advisory Board Member, 2010-present
• International Society for Antiviral Research, Local Organizing Committee, Annual Meeting 2000, Scientific Program Committee 1999-2001
• The Healthcare Consortium, Board of Directors, 1999-2000.

Professional Activities

• American College of Physicians, ASCPT Representative, 1/1/97 - 1/1/99
• American College of Physicians, Council of Medical Specialties
• American Federation for Medical Research, Medical School Representative, 1/1/95 - 1/1/98
• American Federation for Medical Research, National Council, 1/1/98 - 1/1/02
• American Federation for Medical Research, President, 1/1/98 - 1/1/00
• American Federation for Medical Research, President, 1/1/00 - 1/1/01
• American Federation for Medical Research, President Elect, 1/1/99 - 1/1/00
• American Federation for Medical Research Foundation, President, 1/1/01 - 1/1/02
• American Federation for Medical Research Foundation, Secretary-Treasurer, 1/1/99 - 1/1/00
• American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Board of Directors, 1/1/95 - 1/1/98
• American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Education Committee, 1/1/97 - 1/1/00
• American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Government Affairs Committee, 1/1/05 - 1/1/09
• American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Long Range Planning Committee, 1/1/95 - 1/1/01
• American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Scientific Program Committee, 1/1/95 - 1/1/96
• American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vice-President, 1/1/01 - 1/1/02
• Association for Clinical Research Training, Advocacy/Public Policy Committee, 1/1/05
• Association for Patient-Oriented Research, Board of Directors, 1/1/05 - 1/1/08
• Association of Subspecialty Professors, Councilor At-Large, 1/1/06 - 1/1/09
• International AIDS Society, International Scientific Review Committee, 1/1/99
• International AIDS Society, Program Committee, 1/1/02 - 1/1/03
• International Society for Antiviral Research, Local Organizing Committee, 1/1/00 - 1/1/00
• International Society for Antiviral Research, Scientific Program Committee, 1/1/99 - 1/1/01
• The Healthcare Consortium, Board of Directors, 1/1/99 - 1/1/00